Gout M10.00 274.0

ICD-9	Classification / Treatment
Etiology / Natural History	Associated Injuries / Differential Diagnosis
Anatomy	Complications
Clinical Evaluation	Follow-up Care
Xray / Diagnositc Tests	Review References

synonyms:

Gout ICD-10

Gout ICD-9

Gout Etiology / Epidemiology / Natural History

Men > female (20:1)
Associated with hyperuricemia (serum urate >7mg/dl), genetic predisposition, acohol use, lead toxicity.
Caused by monosodium urate crystal disposition in joints (strongly negative needle-shaped crystals).
Tophi = deposits of monosodium urate crystals in soft tissues.
1 Beer daily increases uric acid levels by 0.4mg/dl and increases the incidence of Gout.
crystalline depostion diseases
abnormal purine metabolism=precipitation/deposition of monosodium urate crystals in synovial lined joints
inciting factors: meds that increase serum uric acid, localized trauma, alcohol, purine-rich foods, postsurgical state

Gout Anatomy

Gout Clinical Evaluation

Acute severe pain in a single joint without antecedent trauma.
First attack generally occurs in 40-50 y/o's.
Most common presentation: monarticular lower extremity (1st MTP joint, ankle, knee) pain, warmth, tenderness, erythema.
Fever, leukocytosis and elevated ESR are common.
usually clinical diagnosis based on PE & hx
needle-shaped monosodium urate crystals which are strongly negatively birefringent under polarized light.
serum uric acid may or may not be elevated

Gout Xray / Diagnositc Tests

Xrays: generally normal in early disease or first acute attack. Chronic cases demonstrate soft tissue tophi with calcifications, cortical erosions with sharply defined overhanging edges and sclerotic margins, relative preservation of joint spaces and normal bone density.
Joint aspiration: Fluid sent for cell count, gram stain and cultures. Crystals are strongly negatively birefringent needle shaped under polarized light.
characteristic radiolucent periarticular erosions, inoridinate soft-tissue enlargement
Chronic=large deposits of gouty tophi, extensive articular and periarticular destruction

Gout Classification / Treatment

Stage: asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gouty arthritis, intercritical gout, chronic tophaceous gout.
Colchicine: affective in acute attacks
Indomethacine: affective in acute attacks
Consider corticosteroid injection once septic arthritis has been ruled out.
Long term treatment: consider allopurinal to limit hyperuricemia
Vitamin C 500mg QD may reduce serum uric acid levels by 0.6mg/dL (Gao, X, J Rheumatology 2008:35:1853).
chronic = arthrodesis or gouty tophi removal

Gout Associated Injuries / Differential Diagnosis

Gout Complications

Gout Follow-up Care

As acute attack subsides, desquamation of the overlying skin may occur.
Tophi = soft-tissue masses caused by urate crystal deposition which may occur years after gout develops. Frequent locations: olecranon bursa, extensor surface of the forearm, Achilles tendon, hand tendon sheaths.

Gout Review References